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Tonga: capital, population, area and flag

Tonga is a country in Polynesia (Oceania). Its capital is Nukuʻalofa. The population is about 104K (#181 of 193) and the area is about 749 km² (#174 of 193).

Key facts

Capital
Nukuʻalofa
Region
Oceania / Polynesia
Population
103,742 (2025) #181 of 193
Total area
749 km² (2024) #174 of 193
Population density
144.7 people/km² (2024) #64 of 193
GDP (total)
$679M (2025) #183 of 189
GDP per capita
$6,547 (2025) #106 of 189
Life expectancy
73.1 years (2024) #103 of 193
Distance from Japan
7,903 km #146 of 192
Area compared with Japan
about 1/500 that of Japan
Population compared with Japan
about 1/1,200 that of Japan
Main languages
Tongan, English
Currency
Tongan Paʻanga (TOP)
Calling code
+676
Time zone (capital)
UTC+13
Time difference from Japan (standard time)
4 h ahead of Japan
Driving side
Left
Capital location
21.13°S 175.20°W

Population of Tonga, 1950–2100 (Japanese)
See past estimates, future projections and the population pyramid in the World Population Time Machine.

Map of Tonga

Map of Tonga

Capital: Nukuʻalofa

Neighbors by land

Tonga has no land borders with other countries.

Top rankings

Tonga is in the top 10 for:

Tonga in world rankings

How Tonga compares with other countries, indicator by indicator. Click an indicator to see the full ranking.

IndicatorValueYearRank
Geography & nature
Total area749 km²2024#174 of 193
Number of land borders0#155 of 193 tied
Latitude of the capital-21.1°#181 of 193
Distance from Japan7,903 km#146 of 192
Forest area (share of land)12.1%2024#144 of 193
Arable land (share of land)30.3%2024#27 of 190
Protected land (share of land)13.3%2025#128 of 192 tied
Agricultural land (share of land)48.5%2024#62 of 192
Forest area87 km²2025#177 of 193
Marine protected areas (share of territorial waters)0.1%2025#126 of 153 tied
People & population
Population103,7422025#181 of 193
Population density144.7 people/km²2024#64 of 193
Population growth rate-0.42%2025#177 of 193
Urban population (share of people)21.2%2025#187 of 193
Life expectancy73.1 years2024#103 of 193
Fertility rate3.10 births per woman2024#53 of 193
Infant mortality rate7.8 per 1,000 births2024#126 of 192
Birth rate23.0 per 1,000 people2024#58 of 193
Share of people aged 65 and over6.9%2025#104 of 193
Share of children aged 0–1434.9%2025#51 of 193
Life expectancy of women76.5 years2024#104 of 193
Life expectancy of men69.5 years2024#113 of 193
Maternal mortality ratio67 per 100,000 births2023#80 of 192 tied
Death rate (per 1,000 people)6.4 per 1,000 people2024#127 of 193
Under-5 mortality (per 1,000 births)9.5 per 1,000 births2024#124 of 192 tied
Population aged 15–64 (share of population)58.2%2025#159 of 193
Economy
GDP (total)$679M2025#183 of 189
GDP per capita$6,5472025#106 of 189
GDP per capita (PPP)$8,6752025#133 of 185
Economic growth rate2.8%2025#110 of 188
Inflation rate5.6%2025#40 of 179
Unemployment rate2.0%2025#162 of 178
Exports (share of GDP)16.9%2024#142 of 168
Imports (share of GDP)60.7%2024#48 of 168
Agriculture (share of GDP)18.6%2024#40 of 184
Industry (share of GDP)17.7%2024#140 of 185
Services (share of GDP)49.5%2024#133 of 185
Income inequality (Gini index)27.1 (0–100)2021#135 of 149
Goods exports (total)$13M2025#188 of 190
Money sent home by workers abroad (share of GDP)39.3%2025#2 of 170
Women in the labor force (share of women)42.3%2025#136 of 178
Youth unemployment rate6.0%2025#146 of 178
Fish and seafood production (catch + farmed)1,233 t2024#179 of 193
Fish catch (from sea, rivers and lakes)1,120 t2024#168 of 193
Aquaculture (farmed fish and seafood)113 t2024#150 of 193
Livestock production growth (2014–16 = 100)102.5 (2014–16 average = 100)2024#128 of 187
Fertilizer use (per hectare of arable land)3 kg/ha2024#175 of 187
Manufacturing (share of GDP)5.5%2024#143 of 178
Employment in agriculture (share of jobs)23.6%2025#75 of 178
High-technology exports (share of manufactured exports)28.5%2023#17 of 168
Foreign direct investment, inflows (share of GDP)2.6%2025#73 of 187
Development aid received (share of national income)20.3%2023#10 of 132
Labor force (number of people)33,6282025#178 of 178
Reserves of foreign currency and gold$413M2025#158 of 169
Extreme poverty (share living on less than $3.00 a day)0.4%2021#92 of 132 tied
Daily life & technology
Internet users (share of people)67.4%2024#124 of 186
Mobile phone subscriptions61.7 per 100 people2022#176 of 193
Access to electricity (share of people)100.0%2024#1 of 193 tied
Health spending (share of GDP)7.4%2023#77 of 192
Education spending (share of GDP)5.3%2022#45 of 179
Doctors1.01 per 1,000 people2021#116 of 188
Women in parliament (share of seats)3.8%2025#184 of 192
University and college enrollment42.9%2023#92 of 163
Fixed broadband subscriptions8.2 per 100 people2022#110 of 192
Safe drinking water (share of people)29.6%2024#117 of 136
Safe sanitation (share of people)31.2%2024#102 of 136
Clean cooking fuels (share of people)91.0%2024#102 of 192 tied
Road traffic deaths33.0 per 100,000 people2019#14 of 183 tied
Measles vaccination (share of children)99.0%2024#1 of 192 tied
Secondary school enrollment (gross)92.4%2024#88 of 180
Primary school completion rate108.1%2024#9 of 172
Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)4.20 per 1,000 people2021#86 of 190
Tuberculosis cases (per 100,000 people)2 per 100,000 people2024#183 of 191
Health spending per person$3582023#106 of 192
Container port traffic (TEU)76,854 TEU2019#124 of 150
Environment
Renewable electricity (share of power)14.2%2021#124 of 187
CO₂ emissions per person1.6 t CO₂e per person2024#111 of 186
CO₂ emissions (total)0.2 Mt CO₂e2024#177 of 186
Air pollution (PM2.5)4.7 µg/m³2023#187 of 192
Renewable energy (share of final energy use)2.3%2022#166 of 191
Electricity from nuclear power (share of total)0.0%2021#33 of 190 tied
Electricity from hydropower (share of total)0.0%2021#150 of 190 tied
Greenhouse gas emissions (total)0.3 Mt CO₂e2024#176 of 186
Food & farming
Cassava: production7,094 t2024#71 of 92
Sweet potatoes: production6,640 t2024#72 of 105
Yams: production4,678 t2024#41 of 56
Groundnuts (peanuts): production1,212 t2024#88 of 108
Coconuts: production69,070 t2024#32 of 79
Tomatoes: production874 t2024#144 of 164
Oranges: production882 t2024#100 of 112
Lemons (with limes): production2,179 t2024#81 of 101
Bananas: production817 t2024#104 of 113
Watermelons: production444 t2024#113 of 119
Coffee: production15 t2024#68 of 74
Beef (cattle meat): production346 t2024#171 of 181
Pork (pig meat): production1,819 t2024#127 of 164
Chicken meat: production272 t2024#176 of 183
Cow’s milk: production326 t2024#175 of 178
Hen eggs: production146 t2024#165 of 167
Honey: production11 t2024#120 of 122
Goat meat: production29 t2024#145 of 164
Skipjack tuna: production33 t2024#64 of 82
Yellowfin tuna: production157 t2024#66 of 82
Bigeye tuna: production11 t2024#59 of 68
Albacore: production17 t2024#49 of 60
Swordfish: production13 t2024#61 of 76
Seaweeds and other aquatic plants: production111 t2024#44 of 68
Tunas, bonitos and billfishes: production303 t2024#107 of 133
Sea urchins, sea cucumbers and other echinoderms: production2 t2024#42 of 48
Sharks and rays: production12 t2024#113 of 127
Cattle: number of animals12,196 animals2024#169 of 183
Pigs: number of animals85,523 animals2024#116 of 165
Chickens: number of animals347,000 birds2024#169 of 181
Goats: number of animals14,826 animals2024#152 of 180
Horses: number of animals11,900 animals2024#96 of 143

Questions about Tonga

What is the capital of Tonga?

The capital of Tonga is Nukuʻalofa.

What is the population of Tonga?

Tonga has a population of about 104K (2025), #181 of 193 among countries.

How big is Tonga?

Tonga covers about 749 km², #174 of 193 among countries.

Which continent is Tonga in?

Tonga is in Oceania, in the region of Polynesia.

What currency and languages are used in Tonga?

The currency is the Tongan Paʻanga. Main languages: Tongan, English.

How does Tonga compare with Japan in size and population?

The area of Tonga is about 1/500 that of Japan, and its population is about 1/1,200 that of Japan.

How far is Tonga from Japan?

The capital, Nukuʻalofa, is about 7,903 km from Tokyo, the capital of Japan, in a straight line.

What is the time difference between Tonga and Japan?

The capital, Nukuʻalofa, is on UTC+13 in standard time: 4 h ahead of Japan.

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