Countries ranked by Reserves of foreign currency and gold

How it has changed (1970–2024)

See how reserves of foreign currency and gold has changed across the world’s countries from 1970 to 2024.

• The country ranked first changed over time: United States in 1970, Germany in 1971–1973, United States in 1974–1975, Germany in 1976–1978, United States in 1979–1994, Japan in 1995–2005, China in 2006–2024.
• Japan’s reserves of foreign currency and gold went from $4.88B in 1970 to $1.23T in 2024 (about 252×).
• Japan ranked #6 of 107 countries in 1970 and #2 of 159 in 2024. The number of countries differs between the years, so the ranks are not directly comparable.

Key years for Japan and the leading countries in 2024

Country	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2020	2024
China	–	$10.1B	$34.5B	$172B	$2.91T	$3.36T	$3.46T
Japan	$4.88B	$38.9B	$87.8B	$362B	$1.1T	$1.39T	$1.23T
United States	$15.2B	$171B	$173B	$128B	$489B	$628B	$910B
Switzerland	$5.32B	$64.7B	$61.3B	$53.6B	$270B	$1.08T	$909B
India	$1.02B	$12B	$5.64B	$41.1B	$300B	$590B	$643B
Countries with data	107	127	133	166	170	167	159

See the full history, year by year