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Poland: capital, population, area and flag

Poland is a country in Eastern Europe (Europe). Its capital is Warsaw. The population is about 36.4M (#44 of 193) and the area is about 313,940 km² (#69 of 193).

Key facts

Capital
Warsaw
Region
Europe / Eastern Europe
Population
36,435,861 (2025) #44 of 193
Total area
313,940 km² (2024) #69 of 193
Population density
119.4 people/km² (2024) #74 of 193
GDP (total)
$1.04T (2025) #21 of 189
GDP per capita
$28,420 (2025) #45 of 189
Life expectancy
78.4 years (2024) #48 of 193
Distance from Japan
8,579 km #131 of 192
Area compared with Japan
about 0.8 times that of Japan
Population compared with Japan
about 1/3 that of Japan
Main languages
Polish
Currency
Polish Zloty (PLN)
Calling code
+48
Time zone (capital)
UTC+1 (observes daylight saving time)
Time difference from Japan (standard time)
8 h behind Japan
Driving side
Right
Capital location
52.23°N 21.01°E

Population of Poland, 1950–2100 (Japanese)
See past estimates, future projections and the population pyramid in the World Population Time Machine.

Map of Poland

Map of Poland

Capital: Warsaw

Poland: in the world’s top 10 for food & farming

Poland ranks among the world’s top 10 for these crops, animals, seafood and farm products (latest FAO data).

Neighbors by land

Top rankings

Poland is in the top 10 for:

Poland in world rankings

How Poland compares with other countries, indicator by indicator. Click an indicator to see the full ranking.

IndicatorValueYearRank
Geography & nature
Total area313,940 km²2024#69 of 193
Number of land borders7#10 of 193 tied
Latitude of the capital52.2°#14 of 193
Distance from Japan8,579 km#131 of 192
Forest area (share of land)31.0%2024#101 of 193
Arable land (share of land)36.6%2024#16 of 190
Protected land (share of land)39.6%2025#13 of 192
Agricultural land (share of land)46.2%2024#68 of 192
Average annual rainfall600 mm2022#131 of 180
Freshwater resources per person1,456 m³2022#111 of 181
Forest area94,950 km²2025#55 of 193
Marine protected areas (share of territorial waters)24.0%2025#19 of 153
People & population
Population36,435,8612025#44 of 193
Population density119.4 people/km²2024#74 of 193
Population growth rate-0.34%2025#175 of 193
Urban population (share of people)60.1%2025#106 of 193
Life expectancy78.4 years2024#48 of 193
Fertility rate1.14 births per woman2024#184 of 193 tied
Infant mortality rate3.6 per 1,000 births2024#158 of 192
Birth rate6.9 per 1,000 people2024#182 of 193 tied
Share of people aged 65 and over20.8%2025#26 of 193
Share of children aged 0–1414.5%2025#171 of 193
Life expectancy of women82.2 years2024#42 of 193
Life expectancy of men74.8 years2024#61 of 193
Maternal mortality ratio2 per 100,000 births2023#188 of 192 tied
City dwellers living in the largest city (share)8.2%2025#143 of 149
Death rate (per 1,000 people)11.2 per 1,000 people2024#23 of 193
Under-5 mortality (per 1,000 births)4.2 per 1,000 births2024#159 of 192
Population aged 15–64 (share of population)64.8%2025#86 of 193
Economy
GDP (total)$1.04T2025#21 of 189
GDP per capita$28,4202025#45 of 189
GDP per capita (PPP)$54,2622025#39 of 185
Economic growth rate3.6%2025#85 of 188
Inflation rate3.8%2025#67 of 179
Unemployment rate3.0%2025#142 of 178
Exports (share of GDP)50.0%2025#46 of 168
Imports (share of GDP)47.1%2025#77 of 168
Agriculture (share of GDP)2.5%2025#137 of 184
Industry (share of GDP)25.8%2025#74 of 185
Services (share of GDP)59.7%2025#75 of 185
Military spending (share of GDP)4.5%2025#13 of 155
Income inequality (Gini index)28.5 (0–100)2023#129 of 149 tied
Goods exports (total)$414B2025#20 of 190
Money sent home by workers abroad (share of GDP)0.9%2025#116 of 170
Women in the labor force (share of women)51.6%2025#103 of 178
Youth unemployment rate10.7%2025#102 of 178
Cereal production34,345,780 t2024#18 of 177
Cereal yield (per hectare of farmland)4,851 kg/ha2024#46 of 175
Fish and seafood production (catch + farmed)184,294 t2024#71 of 193
Fish catch (from sea, rivers and lakes)140,741 t2024#68 of 193
Aquaculture (farmed fish and seafood)43,554 t2024#48 of 193
Livestock production growth (2014–16 = 100)121.7 (2014–16 average = 100)2024#57 of 187
Fertilizer use (per hectare of arable land)156 kg/ha2024#58 of 187
Manufacturing (share of GDP)15.0%2025#40 of 178
Employment in agriculture (share of jobs)6.2%2025#125 of 178
High-technology exports (share of manufactured exports)13.5%2024#49 of 168
Foreign direct investment, inflows (share of GDP)2.0%2025#93 of 187
Labor force (number of people)18,174,1572025#38 of 178
Reserves of foreign currency and gold$272B2025#16 of 169
Extreme poverty (share living on less than $3.00 a day)0.2%2023#106 of 132 tied
Daily life & technology
Internet users (share of people)88.6%2024#65 of 186
Mobile phone subscriptions138.0 per 100 people2024#42 of 193
Access to electricity (share of people)100.0%2024#1 of 193 tied
Health spending (share of GDP)8.1%2024#60 of 192
Education spending (share of GDP)4.3%2022#86 of 179
Hospital beds6.0 per 1,000 people2022#16 of 157
Doctors4.03 per 1,000 people2023#30 of 188
Research spending (share of GDP)1.56%2023#27 of 130
Women in parliament (share of seats)31.3%2025#69 of 192
University and college enrollment80.9%2024#24 of 163
Fixed broadband subscriptions25.4 per 100 people2024#64 of 192
Air passengers carried8,782,3622023#49 of 152
Safe drinking water (share of people)88.7%2024#53 of 136
Safe sanitation (share of people)97.8%2024#14 of 136
Undernourishment (share of people)2.5%2024#102 of 165 tied
Clean cooking fuels (share of people)98.0%2024#63 of 192 tied
Road traffic deaths9.4 per 100,000 people2019#127 of 183
Measles vaccination (share of children)92.0%2024#84 of 192 tied
Secondary school enrollment (gross)107.9%2024#29 of 180
Primary school completion rate94.7%2019#84 of 172
Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)6.33 per 1,000 people2022#54 of 190
Tuberculosis cases (per 100,000 people)11 per 100,000 people2024#137 of 191 tied
Health spending per person$2,0142024#40 of 192
Container port traffic (TEU)3,270,784 TEU2024#41 of 150
Environment
Renewable electricity (share of power)17.5%2021#116 of 187
CO₂ emissions per person7.6 t CO₂e per person2024#27 of 186
CO₂ emissions (total)276.1 Mt CO₂e2024#23 of 186
Air pollution (PM2.5)16.5 µg/m³2023#106 of 192
Energy use per person2,622 kg oil eq. per person2024#38 of 146
Renewable energy (share of final energy use)15.2%2021#121 of 191 tied
Electricity consumption per person4,565 kWh per person2025#49 of 146
Electricity from nuclear power (share of total)0.0%2021#33 of 190 tied
Electricity from hydropower (share of total)1.5%2025#130 of 190
Greenhouse gas emissions (total)348.2 Mt CO₂e2024#27 of 186
Freshwater withdrawal (share of internal resources)17.5%2022#65 of 175
Food & farming
Wheat: production12,183,620 t2024#15 of 120
Maize (corn): production9,223,230 t2024#16 of 160
Barley: production2,960,050 t2024#15 of 100
Oats: production1,616,910 t2024#3 of 74
Rye: production2,393,180 t2024#2 of 62
Potatoes: production5,920,170 t2024#15 of 150
Soybeans: production80,960 t2024#43 of 101
Rapeseed (canola): production3,124,180 t2024#9 of 63
Dry peas: production84,040 t2024#21 of 95
Sunflower seeds: production41,350 t2024#36 of 73
Tomatoes: production1,018,700 t2024#22 of 164
Onions: production676,800 t2024#33 of 139
Cabbages: production607,000 t2024#18 of 143
Carrots (with turnips): production559,400 t2024#14 of 129
Cucumbers (with gherkins): production417,900 t2024#13 of 130
Lettuce (with chicory): production64,300 t2024#29 of 102
Cauliflower (with broccoli): production185,300 t2024#14 of 95
Eggplants (aubergines): production900 t2024#77 of 94
Green chilies and sweet peppers: production267,400 t2024#16 of 124
Mushrooms (with truffles): production255,400 t2024#5 of 63
Garlic: production20,400 t2024#37 of 102
Apples: production3,384,500 t2024#4 of 92
Grapes: production6,500 t2024#76 of 91
Strawberries: production173,400 t2024#9 of 80
Watermelons: production8,600 t2024#91 of 119
Peaches (with nectarines): production3,400 t2024#63 of 79
Melons (cantaloupes and others): production400 t2024#86 of 95
Pears: production74,200 t2024#24 of 85
Plums (with sloes): production95,200 t2024#17 of 87
Apricots: production3,500 t2024#45 of 65
Cherries: production51,000 t2024#12 of 65
Walnuts: production7,200 t2024#30 of 55
Sugar beet: production18,430,330 t2024#6 of 57
Tobacco: production19,200 t2024#30 of 117
Beef (cattle meat): production637,490 t2024#22 of 181
Pork (pig meat): production1,910,030 t2024#10 of 164
Chicken meat: production2,433,020 t2024#11 of 183
Cow’s milk: production16,039,610 t2024#11 of 178
Honey: production24,000 t2022#20 of 122
Sheep meat (mutton and lamb): production1,500 t2024#111 of 172
Goat meat: production90 t2024#133 of 164 tied
Goat’s milk: production9,670 t2024#76 of 108
Butter (with ghee): production264,950 t2023#10 of 124
Cheese (all kinds): production1,063,590 t2023#5 of 105
Grass carp: production732 t2024#17 of 47
Silver carp: production63 t2024#32 of 46
Common carp: production19,537 t2024#13 of 97
Bighead carp: production558 t2024#12 of 20
African sharptooth catfish: production454 t2024#31 of 63
Atlantic salmon: production1 t2024#19 of 22
Rainbow trout: production18,643 t2024#13 of 79
Skipjack tuna: production4 t2024#75 of 82
Atlantic herring: production15,013 t2024#14 of 19
Atlantic mackerel: production1,033 t2024#14 of 29
Atlantic cod: production104 t2024#19 of 20
Blue whiting: production37,983 t2024#9 of 21
European pilchard (sardine): production49 t2024#22 of 28
European anchovy: production0 t2024#35 of 36
European sprat: production52,742 t2024#2 of 24
Largehead hairtail (cutlassfish): production59 t2024#32 of 44
Crabs: production846 t2024#45 of 97
Crayfish and other freshwater crustaceans: production0 t2023#64 of 64
Squids, cuttlefish and octopuses: production67 t2024#73 of 102
Tunas, bonitos and billfishes: production1,211 t2024#92 of 133
Carps and other cyprinids: production23,720 t2024#27 of 115
Herrings, sardines and anchovies: production67,813 t2024#41 of 108
Cods, hakes and haddocks: production38,119 t2024#21 of 65
Flatfishes (flounders, halibuts, soles): production4,068 t2024#30 of 91
Freshwater eels: production107 t2024#19 of 41
Cattle: number of animals6,190,930 animals2024#42 of 183
Pigs: number of animals9,078,250 animals2024#18 of 165
Chickens: number of animals244,680,000 birds2024#17 of 181
Sheep: number of animals269,538 animals2024#118 of 173
Goats: number of animals63,492 animals2024#130 of 180
Horses: number of animals157,620 animals2024#43 of 143
Buffaloes: number of animals690 animals2024#40 of 45
Ducks: number of animals7,397,000 birds2024#17 of 80
Turkeys: number of animals15,482,000 birds2024#3 of 71

Questions about Poland

What is the capital of Poland?

The capital of Poland is Warsaw.

What is the population of Poland?

Poland has a population of about 36.4M (2025), #44 of 193 among countries.

How big is Poland?

Poland covers about 313,940 km², #69 of 193 among countries.

Which continent is Poland in?

Poland is in Europe, in the region of Eastern Europe.

What currency and languages are used in Poland?

The currency is the Polish Zloty. Main languages: Polish.

How does Poland compare with Japan in size and population?

The area of Poland is about 0.8 times that of Japan, and its population is about 1/3 that of Japan.

How far is Poland from Japan?

The capital, Warsaw, is about 8,579 km from Tokyo, the capital of Japan, in a straight line.

What is the time difference between Poland and Japan?

The capital, Warsaw, is on UTC+1 in standard time: 8 h behind Japan. The difference changes by one hour during daylight saving time.

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