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Turkmenistan: capital, population, area and flag

Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia (Asia). Its capital is Ashgabat. The population is about 7.62M (#103 of 193) and the area is about 491,209 km² (#52 of 193).

Key facts

Capital
Ashgabat
Region
Asia / Central Asia
Population
7,618,847 (2025) #103 of 193
Total area
491,209 km² (2024) #52 of 193
Population density
15.9 people/km² (2024) #177 of 193
GDP (total)
$49.8B (2025) #95 of 189
GDP per capita
$6,540 (2025) #107 of 189
Life expectancy
70.2 years (2024) #130 of 193
Distance from Japan
6,994 km #157 of 192
Area compared with Japan
about 1.3 times that of Japan
Population compared with Japan
about 1/16 that of Japan
Main languages
Turkmen
Currency
Turkmenistani Manat (TMT)
Calling code
+993
Time zone (capital)
UTC+5
Time difference from Japan (standard time)
4 h behind Japan
Driving side
Right
Capital location
37.95°N 58.38°E

Population of Turkmenistan, 1950–2100 (Japanese)
See past estimates, future projections and the population pyramid in the World Population Time Machine.

Map of Turkmenistan

Map of Turkmenistan

Capital: Ashgabat

Neighbors by land

Top rankings

Turkmenistan is in the top 10 for:

Turkmenistan in world rankings

How Turkmenistan compares with other countries, indicator by indicator. Click an indicator to see the full ranking.

IndicatorValueYearRank
Geography & nature
Total area491,209 km²2024#52 of 193
Number of land borders4#56 of 193 tied
Latitude of the capital38.0°#56 of 193
Distance from Japan6,994 km#157 of 192
Forest area (share of land)5.0%2024#165 of 193
Arable land (share of land)3.5%2024#144 of 190
Protected land (share of land)4.3%2025#169 of 192
Agricultural land (share of land)84.3%2024#4 of 192
Average annual rainfall161 mm2022#168 of 180
Freshwater resources per person194 m³2022#165 of 181
Forest area23,300 km²2025#102 of 193
Marine protected areas (share of territorial waters)4.2%2025#63 of 153 tied
People & population
Population7,618,8472025#103 of 193
Population density15.9 people/km²2024#177 of 193
Population growth rate1.65%2025#61 of 193
Urban population (share of people)47.1%2025#134 of 193
Life expectancy70.2 years2024#130 of 193
Fertility rate2.66 births per woman2024#66 of 193
Infant mortality rate30.4 per 1,000 births2024#46 of 192
Birth rate20.9 per 1,000 people2024#68 of 193
Share of people aged 65 and over4.8%2025#130 of 193
Share of children aged 0–1431.2%2025#65 of 193
Life expectancy of women73.0 years2024#128 of 193
Life expectancy of men67.0 years2024#132 of 193
Maternal mortality ratio5 per 100,000 births2023#166 of 192 tied
City dwellers living in the largest city (share)26.2%2025#88 of 149
Death rate (per 1,000 people)5.8 per 1,000 people2024#147 of 193
Under-5 mortality (per 1,000 births)39.0 per 1,000 births2024#41 of 192 tied
Population aged 15–64 (share of population)64.0%2025#103 of 193
Economy
GDP (total)$49.8B2025#95 of 189
GDP per capita$6,5402025#107 of 189
GDP per capita (PPP)$22,6022025#87 of 185
Economic growth rate6.3%2025#29 of 188
Unemployment rate4.3%2025#109 of 178
Exports (share of GDP)14.5%2025#151 of 168
Imports (share of GDP)13.7%2025#165 of 168
Agriculture (share of GDP)12.4%2025#58 of 184
Industry (share of GDP)36.0%2025#25 of 185
Services (share of GDP)48.9%2025#136 of 185
Goods exports (total)$15.6B2025#85 of 190
Women in the labor force (share of women)38.2%2025#150 of 178
Youth unemployment rate10.0%2025#109 of 178
Cereal production1,486,834 t2024#98 of 177
Cereal yield (per hectare of farmland)1,712 kg/ha2024#129 of 175
Fish and seafood production (catch + farmed)16,165 t2024#144 of 193
Fish catch (from sea, rivers and lakes)15,955 t2024#133 of 193
Aquaculture (farmed fish and seafood)210 t2024#145 of 193
Livestock production growth (2014–16 = 100)123.3 (2014–16 average = 100)2024#51 of 187
Fertilizer use (per hectare of arable land)337 kg/ha2024#15 of 187
Employment in agriculture (share of jobs)21.9%2025#80 of 178
Foreign direct investment, inflows (share of GDP)1.4%2025#113 of 187
Development aid received (share of national income)0.1%2023#121 of 132
Labor force (number of people)2,202,5742025#123 of 178
Daily life & technology
Mobile phone subscriptions88.2 per 100 people2021#146 of 193
Access to electricity (share of people)100.0%2024#1 of 193 tied
Health spending (share of GDP)5.5%2023#118 of 192
Education spending (share of GDP)4.3%2024#88 of 179
Hospital beds3.6 per 1,000 people2021#48 of 157
Doctors1.93 per 1,000 people2023#87 of 188
Research spending (share of GDP)0.09%2023#112 of 130
Women in parliament (share of seats)25.6%2025#96 of 192
University and college enrollment20.4%2024#125 of 163
Fixed broadband subscriptions5.2 per 100 people2022#124 of 192
Air passengers carried1,078,1182023#94 of 152
Safe drinking water (share of people)94.9%2024#44 of 136
Undernourishment (share of people)4.1%2024#90 of 165 tied
Clean cooking fuels (share of people)100.0%2024#1 of 192 tied
Road traffic deaths13.5 per 100,000 people2019#103 of 183 tied
Measles vaccination (share of children)99.0%2024#1 of 192 tied
Secondary school enrollment (gross)94.6%2024#80 of 180
Primary school completion rate98.6%2024#50 of 172
Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)3.49 per 1,000 people2023#102 of 190
Tuberculosis cases (per 100,000 people)40 per 100,000 people2024#102 of 191 tied
Health spending per person$5812023#81 of 192
Environment
Renewable electricity (share of power)0.0%2021#186 of 187
CO₂ emissions per person10.9 t CO₂e per person2024#16 of 186
CO₂ emissions (total)81.4 Mt CO₂e2024#44 of 186
Air pollution (PM2.5)31.2 µg/m³2023#45 of 192
Energy use per person4,682 kg oil eq. per person2024#18 of 146
Renewable energy (share of final energy use)0.1%2021#184 of 191 tied
Electricity consumption per person3,397 kWh per person2024#61 of 146
Electricity from nuclear power (share of total)0.0%2021#33 of 190 tied
Electricity from hydropower (share of total)0.0%2023#147 of 190
Greenhouse gas emissions (total)114.8 Mt CO₂e2024#47 of 186
Freshwater withdrawal (share of internal resources)1,868.0%2022#3 of 175
Food & farming
Wheat: production1,330,000 t2024#44 of 120
Rice: production85,536 t2024#76 of 114
Maize (corn): production6,740 t2024#134 of 160
Barley: production64,559 t2024#67 of 100
Potatoes: production824,320 t2024#49 of 150
Dry beans: production5,000 t2024#79 of 105
Dry peas: production16,300 t2024#40 of 95
Tomatoes: production351,042 t2024#52 of 164
Onions: production89,340 t2024#72 of 139
Cabbages: production65,966 t2024#60 of 143
Carrots (with turnips): production73,255 t2024#53 of 129
Cucumbers (with gherkins): production35,591 t2024#65 of 130
Garlic: production3,222 t2024#62 of 102
Apples: production65,525 t2024#58 of 92
Grapes: production345,577 t2024#28 of 91
Watermelons: production650,528 t2024#21 of 119
Peaches (with nectarines): production30,658 t2024#43 of 79
Plums (with sloes): production34,051 t2024#33 of 87
Apricots: production34,277 t2024#22 of 65
Almonds: production1,013 t2024#32 of 48
Sugar beet: production273,979 t2024#36 of 57
Cotton (fibre): production178,083 t2023#17 of 85
Tobacco: production3,334 t2024#57 of 117
Beef (cattle meat): production209,347 t2024#50 of 181
Pork (pig meat): production246 t2024#153 of 164
Chicken meat: production24,886 t2024#121 of 183
Cow’s milk: production2,652,448 t2024#46 of 178
Hen eggs: production91,981 t2024#57 of 167
Honey: production933 t2024#88 of 122
Sheep meat (mutton and lamb): production123,921 t2024#22 of 172
Goat meat: production15,427 t2024#48 of 164
Goat’s milk: production5,541 t2024#85 of 108
Butter (with ghee): production2,730 t2023#82 of 124
Cheese (all kinds): production4,682 t2023#92 of 105
Grass carp: production55 t2024#32 of 47
Silver carp: production50 t2024#35 of 46 tied
Common carp: production100 t2024#70 of 97 tied
Carps and other cyprinids: production440 t2024#79 of 115
Cattle: number of animals2,545,439 animals2024#76 of 183
Pigs: number of animals7,890 animals2024#145 of 165
Chickens: number of animals21,489,000 birds2024#93 of 181
Sheep: number of animals14,270,745 animals2024#28 of 173
Goats: number of animals4,779,099 animals2024#42 of 180
Horses: number of animals27,624 animals2024#84 of 143
Camels: number of animals142,993 animals2024#25 of 46
Donkeys: number of animals24,838 animals2024#50 of 104
Turkeys: number of animals489,000 birds2024#33 of 71

Questions about Turkmenistan

What is the capital of Turkmenistan?

The capital of Turkmenistan is Ashgabat.

What is the population of Turkmenistan?

Turkmenistan has a population of about 7.62M (2025), #103 of 193 among countries.

How big is Turkmenistan?

Turkmenistan covers about 491,209 km², #52 of 193 among countries.

Which continent is Turkmenistan in?

Turkmenistan is in Asia, in the region of Central Asia.

What currency and languages are used in Turkmenistan?

The currency is the Turkmenistani Manat. Main languages: Turkmen.

How does Turkmenistan compare with Japan in size and population?

The area of Turkmenistan is about 1.3 times that of Japan, and its population is about 1/16 that of Japan.

How far is Turkmenistan from Japan?

The capital, Ashgabat, is about 6,994 km from Tokyo, the capital of Japan, in a straight line.

What is the time difference between Turkmenistan and Japan?

The capital, Ashgabat, is on UTC+5 in standard time: 4 h behind Japan.

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